• br Abbreviations br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2020-06-11

  

  Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DbH) is the enzyme catalysing the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, two important neurotransmitters involved in the central nervous system [1]. This enzyme has been isolated from bovine chromaffin granules as a tetr

• A previous study suggested that DARs and

  2020-06-11

  

  A previous study suggested that DARs and octopamine/tyramine receptors (OARs/TARs) have close pharmacological properties (Beggs et al., 2011). Their relationships were also supported by phylogenetic analyses (Balfanz et al., 2005, Hauser et al., 2008, Wu et al., 2014), indicating that some of DAR an

• Because of the complexity of DNA damage and its repair

  2020-06-11

  

  Because of the complexity of DNA damage and its repair, several pathways are candidates in HN2-induced DPC repair. Considering the 23kDa molecular weight of MGMT, NER may be ineffective for MGMT-adduct removal. This presumption is supported by that the mRNA level of ERCC1, a core gene in NER pathway

• Several research groups have disclosed potent and

  2020-06-11

  

  Several research groups have disclosed potent and selective DGAT-1 inhibitors from several chemically-distinct series. Pre-clinical studies with these compounds have confirmed that small molecule DGAT-1 inhibitors can elicit metabolic outcomes comparable to those observed in DGAT-1−/− mice.19, 20, 2

• UVRAG is a mammalian ortholog of yeast Vps and

  2020-06-10

  

  UVRAG is a mammalian ortholog of yeast Vps38 and a promoter of autophagy [51,60,61]. It forms distinct complexes with BECN1 (mammalian ortholog of yeast Vps30/Atg6) and the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (whose catalytic subunit [PIK3C3] is the mammalian ortholog of yeast Vps34) and contrib

• MRS1523 Additionally both in vitro and in vivo

  2020-06-10

  

  Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that a Ca2+ influx is closely related to apoptosis (Rizzuto et al., 2003). Calmodulin (CaM) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells, which senses intracellular calcium levels by bindi

• Previously we have described increased expression of both cy

  2020-06-10

  

  Previously, we have described increased expression of both cytokine and chemokine mRNA (e.g. MCP-5 and fractalkine) in the left ventricle of male EP4-KO mice with dilated cardiomyopathy [2]. Takayama et al. [31] have shown that PGE2 potently inhibits cytokine/chemokine secretion (MCP-1, interleukin

• In rodents Wang et al Wang and

  2020-06-10

  

  In rodents (Wang et al., 2003, Wang and Tsirka, 2005b, Zhu et al., 2012) and humans (Wang et al., 2011), the major forms of cell death after ICH are necrosis and apoptosis. In the perihematomal region of rodents, the number of necrotic and apoptotic cells peaks at 72h post-ICH (Matsushita et al., 20

• ACE also known as Kininase II is

  2020-06-10

  

  ACE also known as Kininase II is an important enzyme of the Renin angiotensin Fosmidomycin sodium salt system (RAAS) (Novo et al., 1987), it is believed to be a potent blood pressure regulator and also plays a crucial role in activation of the bradykinin receptor via inactivation of bradykinin whic

• Mitochondrial depolarization induced by DHODH inhibition Fig

  2020-06-10

  

  Mitochondrial depolarization induced by DHODH inhibition (Figure 5A) may also contribute to the selective effects of DHODH inhibitors on KRAS mutant cells. If so, the effect may arise more from pro-apoptotic effects of mitochondrial depolarization (Lemasters et al., 1998) than from impaired oxidativ

• MTX and MTXPGs block the activity

  2020-06-10

  

  MTX and MTXPGs block the activity of the key enzyme DHFR (Fig. 1), which converts folates to their active forms – dihydrofolate (DHF) and tetrahydrofolate (THF). MTXPGs also potently inhibit thymidylate synthase (TS). Furthermore, during dTMP synthesis, TS utilizes the cofactor 5,10-methylene THF, w

• br DDR in atherosclerosis and vascular disease The Canadian

  2020-06-10

  

  DDR1 in atherosclerosis and vascular disease The Canadian group of Bendeck, explored the role of DDR1 in repair following arterial injury in rats [30]. DDR1 protein levels, assessed via Western blots prepared from arterial extracts taken at various times after injury, showed DDR1 protein dramatic

• Preclinical and clinical research indicates that inflammatio

  2020-06-10

  

  Preclinical and clinical research indicates that inflammation contributes to the progression of ICH injury. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop interventions that can limit neuroinflammation and its detrimental effects on Paclitaxel function. Inflammatory cytokines are secreted in the bra

• It is worth mentioning that in this study

  2020-06-10

  

  It is worth mentioning that, in this study we only observed the responses of CYP450 to the short-term exposure of DSP toxins (12 h). However, the toxic effects of DSP toxins to bivalves appeared to abate with longer exposure (Pinto-Silva et al., 2005; Flórez-Barrós et al., 2011; Prego-Faraldo et al

• In all available E E structures the RING

  2020-06-09

  

  In all available E2:E3 structures, the RING-type domain binds the E2 on a surface that is remote from the active site Cys (and therefore from the ubiquitin thioester) (Fig. 2). The non-contiguous E3-binding and active sites on the E2 imply that the role played by a RING to facilitate ubiquitin trans

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