• br METHODS br RESULTS br Discussion Numerous studies have

  2022-10-01

  

  METHODS RESULTS Discussion Numerous studies have proposed various hypotheses and models to explain how neuroinflammation could contribute to the chronic fatigue, postexertional fatigue, and cognitive deficits observed in patients with ME/CFS.12, 13, 14, 15 Although neuroimaging studies have

• Adenosine triphosphate ATP is thought to be a

  2022-10-01

  

  Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is thought to be a crucial molecule in acute pain signaling in the DRG, as well as in the development and maintenance of chronic pain (Burnstock, 2009, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014, Chizh and Illes, 2001). Extracellular ATP activates the ionotropic P2X receptors (Bur

• EAATs can transport glutamate aspartate cysteic

  2022-09-30

  

  EAATs can transport glutamate, aspartate, cysteic acid, and serine-o-sulfate (Bjorn-Yoshimoto and Underhill, 2016). All EAATs work as symporters co-transporting 2 or 3 molecules of Na+ and a proton with each molecule of glutamate (or aspartate). In addition, a K+ ion is counter-transported ending in

• Free d glutamate also has

  2022-09-30

  

  Free d-glutamate also has been found in various tissues of invertebrates and vertebrates including mammals (Han et al., 2011; Ariyoshi et al., 2017), fish (Kera et al., 2001) amphibians (Kera et al., 2001), birds (Kera et al., 2001), mollusks (Tarui et al., 2003; Patel et al., 2017) and arthropods (

• Here we studied GLUT targeted nanomedicines as

  2022-09-30

  

  Here, we studied GLUT1-targeted nanomedicines as a new strategy directed to overcome vascular barrier, enhancing delivery and efficacy in solid tumors. These nanomedicines were prepared by controlled installation of glucose on polymeric micelles incorporating the antitumor agent cisplatin, which is

• br Acknowledgments This work was funded by NIH Grant

  2022-09-30

  

  Acknowledgments This work was funded by NIH Grant 2R01 MH066958 (JGT) and NSF CAREER award IOS- 1053716 (NV). We thank Dr. Greti Aguilera for the generous gift of the GRE-Luciferase construct and Dr. Louis Muglia for the generous gift of the GR-GFP construct. Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa

• Imatinib It was previously proposed that glucagon acts in th

  2022-09-30

  

  It was previously proposed that glucagon acts in the liver, in which a signal is produced and relayed to the Imatinib via vagal nerves [8], [36], [37]. The concept that the liver is the primary target site was supported by the studies reporting that the glucagon receptor is localized in the liver b

• br GJs in the brain

  2022-09-30

  

  GJs in the brain Alterations of GJs in epilepsy The role of GJ blockers and openers in epilepsy As previously known, GJ-mediated electrical coupling plays a role in the generation of highly synchronous electrical activity. The hypersynchronous neuronal activity is a significant feature of c

• br Introduction The mammalian skin forms the largest organ o

  2022-09-30

  

  Introduction The mammalian skin forms the largest organ of the body and includes a network of cutaneous nerves, cells of the immune system, and mediators of the neuro-endocrine axis (Theoharides et al., 2016). Analogous to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuropeptides and their receptors

• br Introduction Hepatocyte injury initiates and facilitates

  2022-09-30

  

  Introduction Hepatocyte injury initiates and facilitates inflammation in the course of liver disease progression. Thus, understanding the regulatory basis for sensing and responding to damage-associated inflammatory processes in the liver’s parenchymal cells is a primary issue in liver pathophysi

• br Introduction In addition to glucose which is the

  2022-09-30

  

  Introduction In addition to glucose, which is the foremost stimulator of insulin secretion in beta-cells, other nutrients such as free fatty acids (also called non-esterified fatty acids, NEFA) contribute to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Glucose triggers the processes leading to in

• A small number of patients had

  2022-09-29

  

  A small number of patients (11%) had accessory integrase mutations (E157Q, G163R, L74IM, and/or V151I) that confer potential or low-level resistance and generally only when they occur in combination with other high/intermediate level resistance mutations. This is a somewhat higher incidence than tha

• br Methods br Acknowledgements We are grateful to Eric Olson

  2022-09-29

  

  Methods Acknowledgements We are grateful to Eric Olson for providing Yap/Taz floxed mice, and to members of the Epstein lab for helpful comments and advice. This work was supported by NIH R01 HL118768, R35 HL140018, the Cotswold Foundation and the WW Smith Endowed Chair to J.A.E. The Hippo

• In addition recent research shows that HK

  2022-09-29

  

  In addition, recent research shows that HK2 contributes to the inhibition of apoptosis through the suppression of the formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pores in association with voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) protein [11]. We also found that AKT2 mediates HK2 resistance to a

• Electrostatic potential along with measurement

  2022-09-29

  

  Electrostatic potential along with measurement and modeling of corresponding energies is vital for inferring protein properties, lone or complexed with ligands. DelPhi was used for solving Poisson Boltzmann equation, obtaining grid, total reaction and coulombic energies after solvating the proteins

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